ABSTRACT Salmonella species have been isolated from various kinds of food and are accountable for outbreaks of foodborne diseases in humans. This study aimed at identifying the similarities between the DNA profiles of Salmonella isolated from chicken feces, chicken products, and human feces in southern Brazil. Six hundred samples were collected (200 from chicken products, 200 from broiler chicken feces, and 200 from human feces) and tested for the presence of Salmonella. Isolates proven to be Salmonella compatible by biochemical and serological tests were tested by the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Their DNA profiles were then analyzed by PFGE and rep-PCR. Salmonella was isolated from 16 out of 600 analyzed samples, with Schwarzengrund serotype presenting the highest incidence, followed by Mbandaka in chicken meat and fecal samples, and Panama in human fecal samples. Some strains isolated from chicken fecal and product samples were indistinguishable by the molecular methods used in the study, suggesting that that the contamination of the broilers on the farm can be transmitted the processed products.

Amplamente difundido nos trópicos, o inhame entrou no Brasil na época da colonização e atualmente é cultivado em todo o país. Apesar de sua importância como cultura alimentícia e farmacológica, são raros os estudos que identifiquem como e onde esse tubérculo está sendo cultivado no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar um panorama do cultivo e distribuição da espécie Dioscorea alata L. em diversas regiões do Brasil. Para tanto, foram visitados 63 agricultores em diferentes municípios, distribuídos entre o Sul, Sudeste, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste do país. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, nas quais foram levantados dados socioeconômicos, bem como sobre o uso, manejo e diversidade dessa espécie. A maioria dos entrevistados eram homens casados, com filhos, que possuíam aposentadoria e a agricultura como principais fontes de renda. Constatou-se que a mão-de-obra familiar está bastante envolvida com o cultivo de inhame. Uma ampla distribuição da espécie foi observada, com a ocorrência de D. alatanas quatro regiões amostradas. Grande diversidade de nomes populares foi observada para a espécie neste estudo, com diferenças na nomenclatura popular em função das diferentes regiões onde a mesma é cultivada. A maioria dos agricultores cultiva inhame em roças, no entanto a importância dos quintais foi observada em vários municípios. Verificou-se também que a maioria dos entrevistados cultiva o inhame em consorciação com outras culturas e que a prática do pousio ainda é utilizada por muitos dos agricultores. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram gerar dados mais concretos sobre a distribuição e diversidade desta importante cultura.

Widely spread in the tropics, yams were introduced into Brazil during the colonial period and are currently grown throughout the country. Despite its importance as a pharmacological and food source, there is a lack of studies describing how and where this tuber is grown in Brazil. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the cultivation and distribution of Dioscorea alata in different Brazilian regions. A total of 63 farmers were visited in different municipalities and communities in four regions in the country: South, Southeast, Northeast and Midwest. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect socio-economic, use, management and diversity data for this crop. The majority of interviewers were men, married, with children, using retirement benefits and agriculture as income and family labour as the main support in the yam cultivation. A wide distribution of this species was found, with the occurrence of D. alata in the four sampled regions. A variety of vernacular names for this species was collected, differing according to the region where it is cultivated. Most farmers cultivate yams in fields, however an increased usage of home gardens for the cultivation of this tuber was found. Also, most farmers cultivate yams in association with other crops in areas of different sizes and slash and burn practices, although mostly disappearing, are still being used by many farmers. The results of this study provide more concrete data on the distribution and diversity of this important crop.

Clinical and laboratory changes were evaluated in rabbits after intoxication by Amorimia rigida, a plant that causes sudden death. Nine New Zealand male rabbits, averaging 3.54 kg, were categorized into three groups (n = 3) and received, for eight consecutive days, the equivalent of 30 g/kg dry matter of A. rigida water-soluble (SG) and water-insoluble (IG) extracts via nasoesophageal route. The control group received water. There were no alterations in creatine kinase enzyme (CK), CK myocardial fraction (CKMB) or troponine I (cTnI). None of the animals had clinical or electrocardiographic (conventional and Holter) alterations. There were progressive decreases in the left ventricular ejection fraction and systolic fractional shortening. Doppler echocardiography alterations suggested a systolic dysfunction in the SG and IG groups and diastolic dysfunction in IG group. It was concluded that the soluble and insoluble extracts of A. rigida cause deficit of cardiac function.